Amateur breeding of parrots as pets has contributed to many species being found in areas where they never occurred in the wild, particularly in warmer regions, but also in the temperate climates of North America and Europe.Climate change is likely to exacerbate this process.We hypothesised that parrots occurred in the wild in the cities of Poland,

In night-migratory songbirds, neurobiological and behavioral evidence suggest the existence of a magnetic sense associated with the ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve (V1), possibly providing magnetic positional Jeans information.Curiously, neither the unequivocal existence, structural nature, nor the exact location of any sensory structure

Leavenworthia (Brassicaceae) has served as a model group for investigating the evolution of mating systems in plants, yet several Leavenworthia species remain understudied.One such taxon Jeans is Leavenworthia exigua var.laciniata, one of three varieties of L.exigua, a winter-annual plant endemic to the central United States.Because L.exigua var.la

International law and minimum standards provide certain protection for detainees and prisoners of war (POW) against torture and ill-treatment.Places of detention and parties to conflicts are often monitored to ensure that they adhere to the required standards through, for example, visits to individual detainees and the markbroyard.com assessment of